Hello Readers, Today we are uploading 15 Most important Vocab's for SSC CGL-2018. These Vocab's are found from Previous year paper's and from other exams held in 2018, these are most important because these vocab's are asked in many exams again and again.So there are a lot of chances that SSC can ask these vocab's in CGL-2018.
1.) FLORID:- चमकीला (reddish)
2.)PERSPICUITY:- स्पष्टता (clearness of style or exposition)
3.)VERITY:- हक़ीक़त (a true principle or belief, especially one of fundamental importance.)
4.)FERVENT:- उत्सुक (having or displaying a passionate intensity.)
5.)MEANDERING:- घुमावदार (twisty)
6.)LUXURIANT:- आनंदपूर्ण ( rich and profuse in growth; lush)
7.)CANTANKEROUS:- चिड़चिड़ा (bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative.)
8.)ONUS:- दायित्व (something that is one's duty or responsibility.)
9.)DERISION:- जिस पर हंसी हो (contemptuous ridicule or mockery.)
10.) TRITE:- घिसा-पिटा ( lacking originality or freshness; dull on account of overuse.)
11.) DOLOROUS :-दुःखी (feeling or expressing great sorrow or distress.)
12.)EMBARK:- शुरुआत करना (begin,commence, undertake, set about, enter on, go into, take up)
13.) EXTEMPORE:-बिना तैयारी के (impromptu, spontaneous, unscripted)
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This Topic is very important part of the English section because it contains a good amount of questions in the examination paper. And those question's are not actually tough if you have a good knowledge of grammar section.You can easily score good in this section after reading these notes. I promise you if you read through the notes provided by us you will definitely succeed in your exam with the good marks but you also have to promise us that you will sincerely study. Introduction
We are prone to commit mistakes. It is because of our ignorance of the fundamental rules of grammar and current usage .On occasions even the knowledgeable, in their weaker moments.It is in fact slippery spot which demands of us a cautious approach. The following are some of the mistakes commonly made in the use of English language. You will do well to study them together with the clear explanations of how to correct these errors.
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Definition :-The word
narration means to say or to assert. Based on this,any statement made by a
speaker may be presented in two forms-
1.Direct Speech :-The statement is presented
using same words.
Example- Rajan said to me, “I am going to take
admission in JNU”.
2.Indirect Speech :-The statement is presented using your
own words.
Example- Rajan told me that he was going to
take admission in JNU.
Rule No. 1- Remove the inverted comma in the
indirect speech.
Example- Mohan says, “I have a blue blazer at
home.”( Direct)
Sol.- Mohan says that he has a blue blazer at home.(
Indirect)
Rule no.2- Be careful while changing the tenses.
Don’t change the tense in the
reported speech if reporting verb is in present or future tense.
Example- He says, “He eats an
apple.”
Sol.- He says that he eats an
apple.
Example- Aman will say, “It
always happens with me.”
Sol- Aman will say that it
always happens with me.
Rule No.3- If two
reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense in the reported speech will get
changed as follow:-
Simple Present
Simple Past
Present Continues
Past Continues
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Present perfect Continues
Past Perfect Continues
Past Indefinite
Past perfect
Past Continues
Past Perfect Continues
Past Perfect
No Change
Past Perfect Continues
No Change
Future will never change
Universal truth- No change
Will
Would
Can
Could
May
Might
Shall
Should
Must
Must/Had to
Now
Than
This
That
These
Those
Hence
Thence
Here
There
Thus
So
Come
Go
Today
That Day
Tonight
That Night
Tomorrow
The next day/On the morrow
Next Day
The Following Day
Yesterday
The Previous Day
Last Night
The Previous Night
Ago
Before
Note:-This/Here/Now/Today/Come
etc.. are used for the place/thing/time etc. which are associated with the
speaker when he is speaking, then these words remain unchanged.
Rule No.4- Pronouns Present in the reported speech
also get changed according to 1st person, 2nd person, 3rd
person.
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
Subject
Object
No Change
Example- He
said to me, “ I am going to win and you are not.”
Sol.- He
told me that he was going to win and I was not.
Note:-If Object is not given in the question then “you” gets
converted into 3rd person or 1st person i.e., he /she/it/they
etc.. According to the need.
Example:- He
said, “You need to work hard.”
Sol.- He
said that he/they needed to work hard.
Example:- He
said, ”You all will be penalized.”
Sol.- He
said that they/we all would be penalized.
Example:- He
said, “You all are going to be appointed.”
Sol.- He
said that we/they all were going to be appointed.
## Changing into
indirect speech##
1.)Interrogative Sentence
‘Say’ is converted into ‘ask’, ‘enquire of’, ‘want to know’(of), etc..
Inverted commas are removed.
If the reported speech contains a question in the form of yes/no, we should
add if/whether before reported speech.
Example-Raman said to anuj, “ Can you lent me the
car.”
Sol.- Raman asked anuj if/whether
he could lent him the car.
Example:- He asked, “Are you
going to delhi.”
Sol.- He asked if/whether I was going to
delhi.
If the reported speech contains questions beginning with “wh” i.e. Who,
What, Why ,Whom, etc. Any conjunction is not used before the reported speech.
Example:-He said to me, “ where do you live?”
Sol.-
He asked me that where I lived (Wrong)
He asked me where I lived( Right)
The Reported speech should be made
assertive i.e. ‘Verb+Subject’ is
converted into ‘Subject+Verb’.
Example:-He said to me, “what will you eat today?”
Sol.-
He asked me what I should/would eat that day.
Example:- He said to me, “Are you coming or
not?”
Sol.-
He asked me if/whether I was going or not.
Example:-
He said to me, “What do you want?”
Sol.- He asked me what I wanted.
2.)Imperative Sentences:-
Sentences that contain
order,request,advice,negative,command etc..
These sentences start with the main
verb eg. Go,do,bring,pick,make etc.. are changed into ‘ordered’ and words like
Please/kindly converted into Requested.
Sentences containing negative command
start with “Do not” or “Don’t”
Rules:-
1.) “Say/said” should be
changed into ordered, requested, advised, ask, asked, beg, begged, tell, told
etc.
2.)Inverted comma should
be removed and “to” is added accordingly to need
3.)The pronouns contained
in the reported speech should be changed according to the need.
4.)Words such as Kindly,
Please etc. need to be removed.
Precautions Regarding Negative Command
Inverted
commas are removed and ‘not to+V1” is added.
Example:- I
said to him, “Do not waste water.”
Sol.- I
advised him not to waste water.
But
when the sentence contains “Forbid” then-
Example:- Ravi said to me, “Don’t
make a noise.”
Sol.- Ravi forbid me to make a noise.
When
Prohibit, Prohibited, Prevent etc. are Present:
Structure will be as follow-
Prohibit+Object+From+V1+ing
Example:- Mohan said to his brother, “Do
not go out in the dark.”
Sol.- Mohan restricted his brother to
go out in the dark.
Or
Mohan prohibited his brother from
going in the dark.
Or
Mohan ordered his brother not to go in
the dark.
Or
Mohan forbade his brother to go out in
the dark.
3) Sentences beginning with “ Let “
Use of Let: It is generally used in
the following cases-
‘Let’
is used to put forward proposals and suggestions.
‘
Let’ is used to grant permissions.
If ‘Let’
is used to make suggestions the following rules applied:
-----‘Say/said’ is changed into propose,
proposed, suggest, suggested.
----- If reporting verb contains object, it
should be added after the words ‘proposed to’ and ‘Suggested to’ (Not in
general sense)
---Suggested to him
---Proposed to him
-----Inverted Commas are removed and ‘that’
is added.
-----‘Should’ is added along with V1 after
the subject of the reported speech.
Example:- He said to his students, “Let’s have a party”
Sol.- He suggested to his students that they should have a
party.
Example:- Raman said to the cops, “Let’s search the house.”
Sol.- Raman advised to the cops that they should search the
house.
Example:- Aman said to his father, “Let me go to the picnic.”
Sol.- Aman requested to his father to allow him to go to the
picnic.
Example:- The boss said to the peon, “ Let the man take the
file.”
Sol.- The boss ordered to the peon to let the man take the
file.
Example:- Madhu said to her assistant, “ Let the servant take
a leave for a day.”
Sol.- Madhu ordered her assistant to let the servant take a
leave for a day.
