Narration Chapter Notes For English

NARRATION

Definition :- The word narration means to say or to assert. Based on this,any statement made by a speaker may be presented in two forms-

1.       Direct Speech :- The statement is presented using same words.

Example- Rajan said to me, “I am going to take admission in JNU”.

2.    Indirect Speech :- The statement is presented using your own words.

              Example- Rajan told me that he was going to take admission in      JNU.

Rule No. 1- Remove the inverted comma in the indirect speech.

       

       Example- Mohan says, “I have a blue blazer at home.”( Direct)

       Sol.- Mohan says that he has a blue blazer at home.( Indirect)

Rule no.2- Be careful while changing the tenses.

         

Don’t change the tense in the reported speech if reporting verb is in present or future tense.

               Example- He says, “He eats an apple.”             

               Sol.- He says that he eats an apple.

                Example- Aman will say, “It always happens with me.”

               Sol- Aman will say that it always happens with me.

Rule No.3- If two reporting verb is in the past tense, the tense in the reported speech will get changed as follow:-                                            

Simple Present	Simple Past
Present Continues	Past Continues
Present Perfect	Past Perfect
Present perfect Continues	Past Perfect Continues
Past Indefinite	Past perfect
Past Continues	Past Perfect Continues
Past Perfect	No Change
Past Perfect Continues	No Change
Future will never change
Universal truth- No change
Will	Would
Can	Could
May	Might
Shall	Should
Must	Must/Had to
Now	Than
This	That
These	Those
Hence	Thence
Here	There
Thus	So
Come	Go
Today	That Day
Tonight	That Night
Tomorrow	The next day/On the morrow
Next Day	The Following Day
Yesterday	The Previous Day
Last Night	The Previous Night
Ago	Before

Note:- This/Here/Now/Today/Come etc.. are used for the place/thing/time etc. which are associated with the speaker when he is speaking, then these words remain unchanged.

Rule No.4- Pronouns Present in the reported speech also get changed according to 1^st person, 2^nd person, 3^rd person.

1st Person	2nd Person	3rd Person
Subject	Object	No Change

Example- He said to me, “ I am going to win and you are not.”

Sol.- He told me that he was going to win and I was not.

          Note:- If Object is not given in the question then “you” gets converted into 3^rd person or 1^st person i.e., he /she/it/they etc..  According to the need.

Example:- He said, “You need to work hard.”

Sol.- He said that he/they needed to work hard.

Example:- He said, ”You all will be penalized.”

Sol.- He said that they/we all would be penalized.

Example:- He said, “You all are going to be appointed.”

Sol.- He said that we/they all were going to be appointed.

## Changing into indirect speech##

1.)Interrogative Sentence

•        ‘Say’ is converted into ‘ask’, ‘enquire of’, ‘want to know’(of),        etc..

•       Inverted commas are removed.

•        If the reported speech contains a question in the form of yes/no, we should add if/whether before reported speech.

               Example-  Raman said to anuj, “ Can you lent me the car.”

               Sol.- Raman asked anuj if/whether he could lent him the car.

               Example:- He asked, “Are you going to delhi.”

               Sol.- He asked if/whether I was going to delhi.

•        If the reported speech contains questions beginning with “wh” i.e. Who, What, Why ,Whom, etc. Any conjunction is not used before the reported speech.

             Example:-  He said to me, “ where do you live?”

             Sol.- He asked me that where I lived (Wrong)

                     He asked me where I lived( Right)

•        The Reported speech should be made assertive i.e.  ‘Verb+Subject’ is converted into  ‘Subject+Verb’.

           Example:-  He said to me, “what will you eat today?”

           Sol.- He asked me what I should/would eat that day.

          Example:- He said to me, “Are you coming or not?”

          Sol.- He asked me if/whether I was going or not.

          Example:- He said to me, “What do you want?”

          Sol.- He asked me what I wanted.

2.)Imperative Sentences:-

•        Sentences that contain order,request,advice,negative,command etc..

•        These sentences start with the main verb eg. Go,do,bring,pick,make etc.. are changed into ‘ordered’ and words like Please/kindly converted into Requested.

•        Sentences containing negative command start with “Do not” or “Don’t”

Rules:-

1.) “Say/said” should be changed into ordered, requested, advised, ask, asked, beg, begged, tell, told etc.

2.)Inverted comma should be removed and “to” is added accordingly to need

3.)The pronouns contained in the reported speech should be changed according to the need.

4.)Words such as Kindly, Please etc. need to be removed.

Precautions Regarding Negative Command

•        Inverted commas are removed and ‘not to+V1” is added.

                      Example:- I said to him, “Do not waste water.”

                      Sol.- I advised him not to waste water.

•        But when the sentence contains “Forbid” then-

            Example:- Ravi said to me, “Don’t make a noise.”

            Sol.- Ravi forbid me to make a noise.

•        When Prohibit, Prohibited, Prevent etc. are Present:

Structure will be as follow-

Prohibit+Object+From+V1+ing

Example:- Mohan said to his brother, “Do not go out in the dark.”

Sol.- Mohan restricted his brother to go out in the dark.

                                            Or

         Mohan prohibited his brother from going in the dark.

                                             Or

         Mohan ordered his brother not to go in the dark.

                                           Or

         Mohan forbade his brother to go out in the dark.

3) Sentences beginning with “ Let “

Use of Let: It is generally used in the following cases-

•        ‘Let’ is used to put forward proposals and suggestions.

•        ‘ Let’ is used to grant permissions.

                  If ‘Let’ is used to make suggestions the following rules applied:

----- ‘Say/said’ is changed into propose, proposed, suggest, suggested.

-----  If reporting verb contains object, it should be added after the words ‘proposed to’ and ‘Suggested to’ (Not in general sense)

---Suggested to him

--- Proposed to him

----- Inverted Commas are removed and ‘that’ is added.

----- ‘Should’ is added along with V1 after the subject of the reported speech.

            Example:- He said to his students, “Let’s have a party”

           Sol.- He suggested to his students that they should have a party.

            Example:- Raman said to the cops, “Let’s search the house.”

           Sol.- Raman advised to the cops that they should search the house.

           Example:- Aman said to his father, “Let me go to the picnic.”

           Sol.- Aman requested to his father to allow him to go to the picnic.

           Example:- The boss said to the peon, “ Let the man take the file.”

           Sol.- The boss ordered to the peon to let the man take the file.

           Example:- Madhu said to her assistant, “ Let the servant take a leave for a day.”

           Sol.- Madhu ordered her assistant to let the servant take a leave for a day.

        

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